Mood disorders refer to a group of mental health conditions characterized by ongoing, disruptive changes in mood. These conditions include depression, bipolar disorder, mood disorders related to other health conditions, and those associated with self-harm. While it's normal for moods to fluctuate based on life events, mood disorders cause emotions to become overwhelming and difficult to manage, often affecting daily life.

Individuals with mood disorders may experience intense lows (depression) or highs (mania or hypomania), and these extreme emotions can significantly impact their relationships, work, and overall quality of life. Early intervention is crucial, as mood disorders can increase the risk of suicide.

Signs and Symptoms of Mood Disorders

Common symptoms of mood disorders include:

• Prolonged periods of sadness, emptiness, or anxiety
• Low self-esteem and feelings of worthlessness
• Emotional disturbances that disrupt work, family, and social life
• Mood swings ranging from depressive lows to manic highs
• Loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyable
• Sleep disturbance, sexual dysfunction and low energy levels

Causes of Mood Disorders

Mood disorders are thought to result from a combination of factors, such as:

• Chemical imbalances in the brain
• Genetic predispositions
• Major life events or trauma

How Are Mood Disorders Treated?

Mood disorders are often treatable, with several effective options available, including:

• Medications: Antidepressants and mood stabilizers are effective, especially when used alongside psychotherapy.
• Psychotherapy: Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy help individuals manage stress, improve relationships, and address distorted thinking.
• Family therapy: Mood disorders can impact family life, affecting emotional and financial well-being. Family therapy supports both the individual and their loved ones.
• Other therapies: Occupational Therapists provide assessments and interventions to help with daily functioning. The focus is on helping a person to do the things that are meaningful to them and enhance a sense of purpose in life. For treatment-resistant depression, therapies like transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be used.

Families play a crucial role in supporting those with mood disorders. Individuals may experience periods of stability along with times when symptoms return, so long-term treatment is often necessary to maintain health and manage symptoms.

With the right diagnosis and treatment, people with mood disorders can lead stable, productive, and healthy lives.